Bali Starlings or Bali Mynas Birds: Bali Mynah Range: Only found in the northwestern tip of the island of Bali, part of Indonesia Habitat: Open woodland, savannas, and forested valleys. Beautiful and mysterious The Bali mynah is a beautiful snow white bird with black feathers at the tips of its wings and striking sky blue patches of skin around its eyes. Its beauty is probably why this bird's likeness is used in much of the cultural art found on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The Bali mynah, also called the Bali starling, is found in one small region of Bali, an island that is smaller than the size of Rhode Island. Not a lot of research has been done on wild Bali mynahs. What we do know comes mostly from studying the mynahs in zoos. During the 1960s and 1970s, several hundred birds were legally brought to the United States and Europe to both zoos and private collectors. These birds and their descendants make up the approximately 1,000 birds that live in managed care. Family life Bali mynahs live in the holes of trees and line their nests with leaves, stems of dried plants, and feathers. In zoos, their nests are home to the several clutches of eggs they may have each year. In the wild, they seem to breed between November and April, which is the rainy season for Bali. The entire population of Bali mynahs usually gathers in the 740-acre (300-hectare) section of Bali Barat National Park to pair up and breed. They may produce two to three clutches during this time with two to three eggs per clutch. The eggs are bluish green, and both the mother and father incubate the eggs. Both parents feed the chicks and take turns carrying food back to the nest in their beaks. Bali mynahs eat insects and fruit. Insects seem to be most plentiful in Bali during the rainy season. Perhaps this is why the mynahs have their breeding season at that time. Why are Bali mynahs in trouble? Even though they are only found in a small part of the world, at a quick glance it seems like the Bali mynahs have everything they need to flourish: a good supply of food, lots of chicks, and a national park in which to live. So what is the problem? One simple word: humans. In 1978 there were 550 Bali mynahs in the wild; there may be just 24 birds living in the wild right now-that's not very many! The beauty of the birds has attracted people in the cage-bird trade. In Denpasar, Bali's capital, there is a thriving bird market. Thousands of different bird species are crammed into cages and sold for maybe one or two dollars each. Because of the rarity of the Bali mynah, the bird markets can charge higher prices for these birds. Having a Bali mynah in a private collection is considered a status symbol, so poachers are encouraged to continue to capture these endangered birds for the pet trade. Another reason for the Bali mynah's decline is people moving into the bird's habitat. The booming tourist industry in Bali has caused the human population to triple in the past 70 years, and a large camp for coconut plantation workers was established in the national park. Mynahs need your help! Much effort has been made to help the Bali mynah's wild population recover. The Bali Starling Project has made efforts to help guard the Bali Barat National Park where the birds live from illegal trapping and has released captive-bred birds there to help the tiny population grow. You can help discourage poachers by never purchasing a pet that has come from the wild. Many exotic species might seem like a fun idea for a pet, but in reality they are not what you expected. They can be very hard to care for and could even be illegal to own in your state!

Genetics of the White Tiger White Tigers can ONLY exist in captivity by continual inbreeding, such as father to daughter, brother to sister, mother to son and so forth. This is because the white color is the result of a double recessive allele (gene) and thus the white color can only be produced by inbreeding one tiger carrying the recessive gene for the white color to another tiger carrying the same recessive gene. Before the five remaining species of tigers were pushed to the brink of extinction by the activities of humans, the random occurrence of one normal colored tiger carrying the recessive gene for the white color breeding to another normal colored tiger also carrying the recessive gene for white color, thus producing one or possibly two cubs possessing the double allele for the white color and consequently being born white, occurred about once in every 10,000 births. That statistical approximation is based upon recorded observations in the wild of white cubs. It should be noted that the first recorded observation of a white cub was made in the mid-fifteenth century and the only wild observations of white cubs have been in Bengal tigers. Because the white coloration is so disadvantageous to survival there is no recorded evidence of a white cub ever living long enough in the wild to become an adult. That is why white tigers ONLY exist in captivity and then ONLY as the result of continual, destructive and unethical inbreeding. Thus, the concept of the "Royal Rare White Bengal Tiger" is a myth and likely the most deceptive misconception and most destructive conservation fraud ever perpetrated on the American public. The truth is that all the white tigers currently in the United States are not even Bengal tigers but are worthless hybrids or crossbreds originating from normal colored offspring born to a pure Siberian male tiger and a pure Bengal female tiger that were kept together during the 1960's at the Sioux Falls, S.D. Zoo. Unknown to the Zoo at that time or to the two private exhibitors who purchased cubs from two litters born at the Zoo, all the normal colored cubs carried the recessive gene for the white color because either or both their Siberian father or their Bengal mother was a or were random carriers of the recessive mutant gene. Thus when the two private exhibitors that purchased litter mates from the Sioux Falls Zoo unethically bred brother to sister, the recessive mutant genes were paired, producing one or two white tigers.